تعليم رسم الانف بعده طرق

تعليم رسم الانف

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تعليم رسم الانف بطريقه الناعمه بالرصاص

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anatomey

The framework of the nose consists of bone and cartilage. Two small nasal bones and extensions of the maxillae form the bridge of the nose, which is the bony portion. The remainder of the framework is cartilage and is the flexible portion. Connective tissue and skin cover the framework.

Air enters the nasal cavity from the outside through two openings, the nostrils, or external nares. The openings from the nasal cavity into the pharynx are the internal nares. Nose hairs at the entrance to the nose trap large inhaled particles.

Paranasal Sinuses

Paranasal sinuses are air-filled cavities in the frontal, maxilae, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones. These sinuses, which have the same names as the bones in which they are located, surround the nasal cavity and open into it. They function to reduce the weight of the skull, to produce mucus, and to influence voice quality by acting as resonating chambers.

Pharynx

The pharynx, commonly called the throat, is a passageway that extends from the base of the skull to the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. It serves both the respiratory and digestive systems by receiving air from the nasal cavity and air, food, and water from the oral cavity. Inferiorly, it opens into the larynx and esophagus. The pharynx is divided into three regions according to location: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx (hypopharynx).

The nasopharynx is the portion of the pharynx that is posterior to the nasal cavity and extends inferiorly to the uvula. The oropharynx is the portion of the pharynx that is posterior to the oral cavity. The most inferior portion of the pharynx is the laryngopharynx that extends from the hyoid bone down to the lower margin of the larynx.

The upper part of the pharynx (throat) lets only air pass through. Lower parts permit air, foods, and fluids to pass.

The pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual tonsils are located in the pharynx. They are also called Waldereyer's Ring.

The retromolar trigone is the small area behind the wisdom teeth.

تعليم رسم النف من اسفل

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Media file 1: Nasal embryology.

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Nasal embryology.

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Media file 2: Nose anatomy.

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Nose anatomy.

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Media file 3: Nose anatomy. Image used with permission.

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Nose anatomy. Image used with permission.

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Media file 4: Nose anatomy, base. Image used with permission.

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Nose anatomy, base. Image used with permission.

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Media file 5: Nose anatomy. The quadrangular cartilage, the vomer, the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and aspects from the premaxilla and palatine bones form the nasal septum.

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Nose anatomy. The quadrangular cartilage, the vomer, the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and aspects from the premaxilla and palatine bones form the nasal septum.

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Media file 6: Nasal scroll.

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Nasal scroll.

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Media file 7: Nasal subunits include the dorsum, sidewalls, lobule, soft triangles, alae, and columella. The nose has 14 characteristic points as shown in Figure 10. Two of them are inside the nostrils and two are hidden on the right side of the nose. These characteristic points determine all parts of the nose like the nostril, the tip of the nose and so on. The main control points of the surface patches are calculated from head points. The positions of surface patches are displayed in Figure 11. The image also shows that areas of more detail are tessellated further. Figure 11: Surface position of the nose (left) and a shaded nose (right).